In AODV, routes are discovered in an on-demand basis and are maintained as long as they are required. Like DSDV it maintains a sequence number, which it increases each time it finds a change in the topology of its neighborhood. This sequence number e

Approach: NS-2 is an open source system that is developed using C++ and Tool Control Language TCL. Researchers can freely add new components to the system to server their own purposes. The latest version of NS-2 is version 2.28. Within this version,