详细介绍了蚁群算法最近几年的应用领域，是一篇研究蚁群算法的入门级文章。希望对想深入研究此算法的朋友有所帮助。-this paper addressed the application of the ant colony alogrithm in recent years.you can learn the alogrithm of soft computing as a beginner.I hope this paper could be useful for you.

In all Ant Colony Optimization algorithms, each ant gets a start city. Beginning this city, the ant chooses the next city according to algorithm rules. After visiting all customer cities exactly once, the ant returns to the start city. The ants might

Large-scale problems are nonlinear problems that need metaheuristics, or global optimization algorithms. This paper reviews nature-inspired metaheuristics, then it introduces a framework named Competitive Ant Colony Optimization inspired by the chemi

包括优化算法源程序及算法原理介绍。自适应协方差矩阵进化策略，一种2000年左右发展起来的新优化算法，简称CMA-ES，最近十几年得到了学术界的广泛关注，非常有应用前景。这是一种黑箱子优化算法，可以再程序末自己定义优化函数，也可以调用外部程序（如有限元等）进行计算，然后提取优化函数的解。该优化算法在各种变量维度下的表现优于蚁群算法、粒子群算法，有较好的收敛性，这归功于其严谨的数学表达。-Covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy, about o