Particle swarm optimization has been used to solve many optimization problems since it was proposed by Kennedy and Eberhart in 1995 [4]. After that, they published one book [9] and several papers on this topic [5][7][13][15], one of which did a s

Particle swarm optimization has been used to solve many optimization problems since it was proposed by Kennedy and Eberhart in 1995 [4]. After that, they published one book [9] and several papers on this topic [5][7][13][15], one of which did a s

Particle swarm optimization has been used to solve many optimization problems since it was proposed by Kennedy and Eberhart in 1995 [4]. After that, they published one book [9] and several papers on this topic [5][7][13][15], one of which did a s

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is an optimization metaheuristic based on the foraging behavior of ants. This metaheuristic was originally proposed to find good solutions to discrete combinatorial problems. Many extensions of the ACO heuristic for cont