这是焦李成团队写的《免疫优化计算、学习与识别》中的测试函数问题-Jiao Licheng team wrote "immune optimization, learning and recognition" knapsack problem

PSO算法和最速下降法混合算法，求解单目标优化问题，测试函数是非线性方程组，解决MinF(x)的问题。-PSO algorithm and steepest descent method hybrid algorithm for solving single-objective optimization problem, the test function is non-linear equations, solving MinF (x) of the problem.

一种继续概率学习矩阵的优化算法，优化精度和计算时间都很不错，是目前基本最好的启发式算法，里面有测试函数-A continuing study probability matrix optimization algorithm to optimize the accuracy and computational time is very good, the best is the basic heuristic algorithm, which has test function

正则模型的分布估计算法,测试函数为ZDT,DTLZ,WFG等，在加噪时，进行优化，有四种噪声水平(RM-MEDA.Regular model distribution estimation algorithm, test function for zdt, dtlz, wfg, etc., when adding noise, optimization, there are four kinds of noise level)