文章讲述了嵌入式的技术在人们生产生活中不可缺少，并阐述了嵌入式软件今后发展的动向和倾向。-Embedded software is a key driver of most industries. In this introduction to the special issue, we provide a snapshot of the topic of embedded software. We will show similarities to general purpose IT and

NI-VISA提供了多种通用接口驱动API，采用自底向上的设计结构，本文主要讲解的是PCI接口驱动的NI-VISA实现。-NI-VISA provides a variety of general-purpose interface driver API, using the bottom-up design of the structure, this paper is to explain PCI interface driver NI-VISA implementation.

VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Descr iption Language) is a hardware descr iption language used in electronic design automation to describe digital and mixed-signal systems such as field-programmable gate arrays and integrated circuits. VHDL can also be used as