Global navigation satellite systems have been revolutionising surveying, geodesy, navigation and other position/location sensitive disciplines. However, there are two intrinsic shortcomings in such satellite-based positioning systems: signal attenuat

The increasing need for high data-rate transmissions over time- or frequency-selective fading channels has drawn attention to modulation schemes with high spectral efficiency such as QAM. With the aim of increasing the “diversity order” of the signal