the OFDM PHY is adaptive therefore it supports multiple schemes BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM for data carriers’ modulation. The constellation diagrams are gray mapped and shows the magnitudes I and Q (In-phase and Quadrature) components of e

We assume that denominator and numerator are normalized as, for instance, typical for floating-point mantissa values, to the interval 1 ≤ N, D < 2. This normalization step may require essential addition resources (leading-zero detection and two ba