“下料问题(cutting stock problem)”是把相同形状的一些原材料分割加工成若干个不同规格大小的零件的问题，此类问题在工程技术和工业生产中有着重要和广泛的应用. 这里的“实用下料问题”则是在某企业的实际条件限制下的单一材料的下料问题。

Anti-jamming of GPS receiver is an important problem, navigation war, and this topic has been well researched recently. However, anti-jamming in the complex receiving environment has not been considered in the most of the researches. To solve this pr

During the past two decades, a variety of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been proposed in the literature. As pointed out in some recent studies, however, the performance of an MOEA can strongly depend on the Pareto front shap