采用牛顿拉夫逊算法进行潮流计算，包括单支路，双支路，变压器的考虑，也进行了平衡节点，PQ,PV节点的考虑-Newton Raphson power flow calculation algorithm, including single slip, double slip, transformers considerations are also considered balanced nodes, PQ, PV nodes

In this paper, sliding mode (SM) observers are proposed to replace expensive sensors used for the measurement of tires forces, vehicle side slip angle and vehicle velocity. These estimations are done for two important purposes: The fi rst is for